hobo culture in Indonesia

HISTORYBatak kingdom was founded by a King in the country Toba sila-silahi (Silalahi) lua 'Baligi (Luat Balige), Parsoluhan village, tribe Pohan. The king in question was the King of supernatural powers called Alang Pardoksi (Pardosi). Batak royal heyday led by the king named. Sultan Maharaja in 1054 Hijri Bongsu successfully prosperous country with a variety of political policy.
LOCATION DESCRIPTIONEthnic groups Batak of North Sumatra. Area home residence known as the Batak Karo Mainland High, Kangkat Hulu, Hulu Deli, Serdang Hulu, Simalungun, Toba, Mandailing and Tapanuli. The area is traversed by a series of Bukit Barisan in the region of North Sumatra, and there is a large lake with a name that became Lake Toba Batak people. Viewed from the administrative area, they occupied the area some part of our territory or the District of North Sumatra. Namely Karo District, Simalungun, Dairi, North Tapanuli, and shavings.
CULTURAL ELEMENTS
A. LanguageIn the life and daily life, the Batak using several dialects, namely: (1) Slang used by people Karo Karo, (2) Slang used by Pakpak Pakpak; (3) Slang used by Simalungun Simalungun, (4) Slang used by people Toba Toba, Angkola and Mandailing.
B. KnowledgeBatak people are also familiar with the ancient system of mutual assistance in terms of cultivation. In the language it is called Raron Karo activity, whereas in the Toba language it is called Marsiurupan. A group of neighbors or close relatives work together on the ground and each member in turn. Raron it is an institution whose membership is voluntary and the long standing subject to the approval of participants.
C. TechnologyBatak society already know and use simple tools that are used to grow crops in their lives. Such as hoes, plow (plow in Karo), single stick (crank in Karo), sickle (Sabi-Sabi) or ani-ani. Batak society also has a traditional weapon, piso surit (a type of dagger), piso elephant densely packed (a keris that long), hujur (a type of spear), Podang (a type of long sword). Elements of other technologies that are yaitukain ulos woven fabric that has many functions in the traditional Batak life.
D. Social Organizationa. MarriageIn Batak traditions one can only marry someone different Batak clan, so if one is married she had to find a mate from another clan other than his surname. If the marriage is someone who is not from the Batak ethnic group he or she must be adopted by one of the Batak clan (different clans). The event was followed by a procession of marriages performed in churches because the majority of the population are Christian Batak.For marriage dowry the bride and sisters who are married.
b. KinshipBatak ethnic kinship groups living in rural areas called Huta or Kuta under the terms of Karo. Usually one Huta inhabited by a family from one also marga.Ada kin groups called clans taneh namely group descent pariteral founder of Kuta. Marga is bound by certain symbols such as clan name. The little clan is patrilineal relatives who still dwells in one area. Conversely big clan whose members live scattered sdah much so do not know each other but they can recognize members by the clan name that always came behind her first name, Social Stratification of the Batak is based on four principles: (a) tigkat differences in age, (b) differences in rank and position, (c) differences in the nature of authenticity and (d) marital status.
E. LivelihoodIn general, people hobo rice cultivation in rice fields and farmlands. Obtained from the division of land based clan. Each family of mandapat ground earlier but can not sell it. In addition to lands now owned by private land.Farms is also one of Batak tribal livelihoods among other buffalo farms, cows, pigs, goats, chickens, and ducks. Catching fish by some residents around Lake Toba.Handicraft sector is also growing. For example, weaving, woven rattan, wood carving, temmbikar, which have relation to tourism.
F. ReligionIn the 19th century Islamic religion entered penyebaranya area covering south hobo. Christianity came in about the year 1863 and includes the hobo penyebaranya north. Although d emikian lot of people in rural areas are still hobo mmpertahankan original concept of religion pendduk hobo. Batak people have the conception that the universe and its contents were created by Debeta Na Mula So Balloons and resides above the sky and have the names in accordance with its duties and kedudukanya. Debeta At So Na Balloon: residing in the heavens and is the supreme creator; Siloam Na Balom: located as ruler of the world being fine. In conjunction with the spirits and souls of hobo know three concepts namely: Tondi: soul or spirit; Sahala: soul or spirit of one's own strength; Begu: Tondinya people who are already dead. Batak people also believe in the power of magic talisman called Tongkal.
G. ArtDance Dance ie Tor-Tor (magical); Dance serampang twelve (are fun). Traditional Musical Instruments: Gong; Saga-saga. The handicrafts are woven from the tribe of Batak ulos cloth. Cain is always displayed in the marriage ceremony, set up home, funeral ceremony, transfer of property inheritance, a respected and welcome guests to dance ceremony Tor-tor. Custom fabrics in accordance with an inherited belief system ancestors.
CULTURAL VALUES
1. KinshipThe value of Batak society mainly manifested in the implementation of customary Dalian Na Talu, where one must find a mate outside their group, people call each other in one group Sabutuha (brothers), for the group receiving the girl to diperistri called Hula-hula. The group that gives a girl called Boru.2. HagabeonSignificant cultural value expectations longevity, lambing, bercucu a lot, and that's fine.3. HamoraanThe value of honor Batak tribe located on the balance of spiritual and material aspects.4. Uhum and ugariValue uhum Batak people reflected on the seriousness in upholding justice while ugari seen in the faithfulness of a promise.5. AegisAegis shall be given to the environmental community, the task is in the waistband by three elements Dalihan Na Tolu.6. MarsisarianA value means the mutual understanding, respect, and help each other.
DEVELOPMENT ASPECTSAspects of development of the Batak tribe of entry of the school system and the emergence of an opportunity to gain social prestige. The occurrence of kinship networks are based on customary to run well. Adat Batak themselves to people is sacred. Forgetting customary considered extremely dangerous.
The recognition of blood ties and marriage ties strengthen rope in everyday life. Helping each other in the world of trade between the relatives and in the middle of the field of modern city life commonly seen among the Batak. Kinship network that surrounds the tightness is what gives them their remarkable tenacity in responding to various challenges in this century